Natural Resources

Natural resources are the elements which occur naturally. They help to create materials to produce energy or elements to build things. There are two kinds of natural resources:

1) Renewable Resources: They are those that can be replaced in nature without finish. Some of them are: plants, animals, forest and natural fonts of energy such as: wind, water, waves, solar light, etc.

2) Non-renewable Resources: They are those that cannot reproduce again. In comparison with the renewable resources, these delay one thousand year or one million year to appear again. Some of them are: metals (iron, copper, gold, silver, etc.), fossil fuel (petroleum, natural gas) and even some trees due to their growth time.

Some pictures: 

Coal Mine

Eucalyptus Forest

Ovine Cattle 

Oil Rig

Agriculture

Solar Energy

Activities:

1) Click here to see a ppt and make an activity 
2) Click here (Play Quiz Game)

The Oceans

Oceans are masses of seawater which cover the Earth and bordering the continents. Oceans compose around sixty six percent of the surfaces of the planet and it is a big font of biodiversity and economic activity for the human beings. In the planet, there are five oceans which are Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, Arctic and Antarctic.

Click here

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean is a ocean which borders to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the south by the Antarctic Ocean, to the west by America and to the east by Europe and Africa. It is the second biggest ocean of the world and it was a bridge of connection between the New and Old world. Its name proceeds from a god of the Greek mythology “Atlas”. This ocean has different kinds of climate phenomenon every year such as hurricanes, typhoons and storms. In this ocena thera are many important seas such as: Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean Sea, Baltic Sea, etc.

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean is a ocean which borders to the north by Asia, o the South by the Southern Ocean and the Antarctica, to the east by the Pacific Ocean and Oceania and to the west by Africa and Middle East. Its name proceeds from the Indonesian sailors who arrived to Madagascar. It is the third biggest ocean of the world and it has some climate events in its place such as Monsoons, Cyclones, etc; and even it has seismic activity. It is composed by some seas such as: Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Bali Sea, etc.

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean is the biggest ocean of the world. It is located between Asia and America. It borders to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the south by the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic, to the west by Asia and Oceania and to the east by America. Its name proceeds from the Portuguese sailor Fernando De Magallanes. When he crossed from the Cape Horn until the Philippines, he realized that this ocean kept calm and it was very quiet and nice to sail, so for this reason, he called "Pacific Ocean". However that affirmation changed, because this ocean has hurricanes, typhoons and seismic and volcanic activities (earthquakes and volcanic eruptions). This ocean has some important seas such as: Japan Sea, Coral Sea, Yellow Sea, Bering Sea, China Sea, Tasmania Sea, etc.

Arctic Ocean

Artic, Northern or Icy Ocean is located in the Northern Hemisphere, exactly in the North Pole. It is a small ocean where it border with Northern Europe (Russia, Norway, Sweden and Finland), Iceland, North America (Canada and Alaska), Greenland, Northern Asia (Siberia) and the Bering Strait. It is a cold and even frozen ocean, where the temperature generally bellows zero degrees Celsius, making icebergs and glaciers. It snows a lot and it often rains. Also, it is rich in natural resources such as: petroleum and natural gas.

Antarctic Ocean

Antarctic Ocean is the last ocean of the world. It is unknown for many people but it is real. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere, where it just borders by the Antarctica. It has the same climate and weather condition than the Arctic Ocean. This ocean exists since 2000.

Activities:

1) Click here to see an activity

2) Click here to see the next activity

Continents

Earth is divided in big peaces of land which are separated by the oceans. These big pieces of land are known "Continents" which can be composed by mass of land, island ad aspects not related to the geography such as: culture and history. Long time ago around 300 million years ago the continents were together, making a super-continent called "Pangaea", but 100 millions after, this super-continent started separating, making the actual continents where we know and live: America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Antarctica. The humans were evolving and populating these big lands.

Click here

 

World Map

Pangaea and Division of the Continents

America

America is the newest of the five traditional continents to be discovered and it is the second biggest continent of the world. It was accidentally worked out by Christopher Columbus on October 12th in 1492 while he was traveling to arrive to India, being colonized by some European countries in the following years. Moreover, it had great civilization such as Aztecs, Mayas and Incas where they left a important legacy in the American history. This continent is composed by thirty six countries and divided in three zones, North America, Central America and South America. North America which is composed by three countries: Canada, United States and Mexico. Central America is composed by a narrow piece of land which works like a bridge between North and South America; together with island and archipelagos called "Caribbean". Some main countries of this are Cuba, Honduras, El Salvador, Panama, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, etc. The last zone is South America which is composed by thirteen countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay and Venezuela. Also, America borders to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by Atlantic Ocean, to the west by the Pacific Ocean, and to the south by the Antarctica separated by the Magallanes strait.

Africa
  
Africa is the continent where the humans had their beginnings million years ago. It is third biggest one on size and it presents a big reservation of plants and animals. Africa is a continent with many cultures and many ethnicities, where the black people are the biggest one in this place. Also, Africa had biggest civilization over its lands as the Egyptian empire, leaving a main legacy in the history of the humanity. Moreover, together with America and Asia, this continent was colonized by the most important European empires such as United Kingdom, France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, etc. During many years, Africa has been considered the poorest continent of the world, where there are many problems of starvation, illness and others. Africa is composed by fifty four countries where some of them are: South Africa, Cameroon, Nigeria, Libya, Egypt, Congo, Morocco, Sudan, etc. Africa borders to the north by Europe, separated by the Mediterranean Sea, to the south by the connection between the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east by the Indian Ocean and the Arabic peninsula, Asia.

Europe

Europe is known as the "Old Continent" and along with Asia, thus they forms a big continental mass. However Europe it separated from Asia due to the historical and cultural facts. Europe is the second smallest continent of the world and it is the place of the beginning of the western civilization. In this place there were civilizations suh as Greek and Roman and other original towns such as Viking, Celts, Germanic, etc. During the XVI until XIX century, some countries of this continents such as: Spain, England, France, Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, etc; had big empires where they colonized many territories around the world, especially in America, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Europe has forty five countries and it has the biggest economy of the world. Europe borders to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean and the east by Asia, separated by the Urals Mountains and the Black Sea.

Asia 

As we watched in the last description, Asia and Europe are a same continental mass, but they are separated by their historical and cultural facts. Asia is the biggest and the most populated continent of the world. It has around the sixty percent of the world population and a rich cultural and historical input for the world. In this continent, there were important civilizations such as: Indian, Arabic, Chinese, Hebrews, Phoenicians and others. On the other hand, many cultures disappeared by the coming and the conquest of the European countries which arrived to colonize this place. During the XX century and until nowadays, Asia has been showing a big economic growth in some of its countries such as: China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, India, etc. Also, this continent is composed by many island and archipelagos which are located in the southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, etc; and peninsulas such as: Arabic peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Middle east), Korean peninsula (North and South Korea), Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam), Indian peninsula (India), etc. Asia borders to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the south by the Indian Ocean, to the west by Europe separated by the Urals Mountains and to the east by the Pacific Ocean.

Oceania

Oceania is the smallest continent of the world. it is composed by big and small islands, archipelagos making an area kwon "Polynesia" and a sub-continent which is Australia. This continent like Asia, America and Africa, it was colonized by European countries such as: England, Spain, France and Netherlands. The predominant climate in this area of the world is tropical, where there are a lot of plants and animals. Also, there are corals and reefs in the sea, giving a beautiful maritime scene. The most important countries are Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Fiji. Also, there are islands which belong to other countries from other continents such as: Hawaii, Marshall islands (U.S.A.) Easter island or Rapa Nui (Chile), etc. this continent is surrounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Antarctica

Antarctica is the last continent of the world. It is located in the end of the world of the planet where the polar climate is present. The temperature always bellows zero degrees Celsius, it snows a lot, the land is covered on ice and it’s common to see strange phenomenon in this place. For example: the auroras re light which are seen in the nights, having different colors such as: green, red, yellow, purple, etc. Other phenomenon is the duration of the daytime and the night. Between autumn and winter, the sky is always dark like the night, because the sun disappears for six months. But in spring and summer the situation changes, there is light daylong because the sun is present the second part of the year. This continent is rich in natural resources such as petroleum, gold, silver, copper, iron, etc. However this continent doesn't belong to any country, but there are trades where some countries have bases on this territory with the purpose of scientific advances, such as U.S.A, Russia, England, France, Chile, Argentina, Australia, China, South Africa, etc.

Activities:

1) Click here to see the power point and the activity

2) Word activity

3) Power Point 

Natural Components in a Territory

Every country in its territory has a different or similar aspects in the composition according to the factors (climate, weather, relief, borders, etc) which affect the landscape.

Click here to see kinds of climates

Landscape

Landscape is the visual aspect of a territtorry related to the relief and the weather. There are many landscapes for a country. The most importants are: dessert, jungle, polar, forest, moutains, etc. 


1) Desert

It is a territory composed by little vegetation and little animal life, where the temperature is hot; the weather is scorching and sunny and where there is not enough water and the rain is scarce even producing drought for many years. Its surface is dry for the animals which dwell there; such as coyotes, snakes, camels, scorpions, etc. and plants such as cactus, bushes, palms, etc. Also, the surface can be composed by dry soil and dry sand, making dunes or modifying its aspects. The main  deserts of the world are in the next countries: Chile, Bolivia and Peru share the Atacama desert in South America; United States and Mexico share the Arizona, California and Chihuahua deserts in North America; Libya, Chad, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, etc share the biggest desert of the world called "Sahara" which is located in Africa; China and Mongolia share the Gobi desert like Arabic countries do (Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, etc); And finally Australia which has the  Great Victoria and Great Sandy deserts. 

Click here

 Camel

Cactus

Dunes and Palms in the Sahara Desert

Atacama Desert in Chile

2) Jungle

Jungle is a territory composed by enough vegetation and enough wetness. The climate in this areas is generally tropical, where the weather can be sunny along with pouringrains, making a damp environment for animals and plants Also, in those places which are near the sea are produced phenomenon climatic such as hurricanes, monsoons, typhoons, etc .This area is special for those animals which live there such as: snakes, monkeys, insects, fish, corals, frogs, crocodiles, many types of birds, panthers, tigers, jaguars, tortoise, etc; and kinds of trees and plants such as: palms, rubber tree, bushes, kinds of spices for cooking (vanilla, pepper, cloves, curry, coffee), fruits (bananas, coconuts, mango, cocoa, avocados, etc) and seaweeds in the ocean. The countries which have this kind of environment are: India, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, etc in South Asia; Australia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, etc. in Oceania; Cameroon, Ghana, Congo, Nigeria, Gabon in Africa; and Mexico, Central America and much of South America where is located the biggest jungle of the world called "Amazon".

Click here

Hurricane

 Amazon River

Tropical birds

Indian Jungle

Caribbean 

3) Polar

Polar region is the further area of the Earth located near to the Poles. It is distinguished by the climate which is freezing and the temperature always bellows zero degrees Celsius; and the weather is chilly and it snows a lot. In this environment is common to see ice on sea, lakes and rivers, snow on anywhere like if the place was blotted out by a white shit. The animals and plants are more abundant in spring and summer, but in autumn and when the winter is coming they hide and disappear to rest during five or six months, it is called Wintering. Some animals from these regions are bears, foxes, birds, squirrels, salmons, wolves, pumas, penguins, etc. and plants such as: bushes, trees, nuts or even there is not vegetation. Some countries and places of this environment are: Alaska in United State and Canada in North America and Chile and Argentina in South America; Northern and Eastern Europe (Finland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, etc); Siberia in Russia, Northern China and Northern Japan in Asia; and other near places to the Poles such as Greenland, Iceland, Antarctic, etc.

Click here

Alaska

Polar Bear in North Pole

Siberia 

Emperor Penguins in Antarctic

4) Forest

Forest is the green area where exists huge numbers of tress, vegetation and animals. The climate is cold and temperated and the weather can change depeding of the season in those places. For example: in Autumn, the leaves of the tress fall down and the forest changes its aspect (green to red and brown), in Winter is common it rains a lot and even snows, but in in Spring the vegetation comes back and blooms and Summer can be pleasant. This kind of areas is located in places from North America (USA and Canada), far South in South America, Northern, Central and Eastern Europe and Eurasia (Europe and Asia). There are a lot of species of tress such as pines, conifers, firs, etc; fungus such as: mushrooms, fly amanita (they can be enible or poisonous), etc; and species of animals and insects such as: beavers, raccons, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, bears, bees, wasps, butterflies, salmons, woodpeckers, moose, deer, etc.

Click here

Yellowstone Park, in USA

Fly amanita

Forest in Canada

Squirrels

Deer

5) Mountains

Mountains are the highest areas of the earth. It is characterized by small population of people over them, although its diversity and ecosystem are attractive. This phenomenon is denominated "Alpine climate" or "Highland climate" and the climate is specially cold and wet, although sometimes it changes in relation to the Season. The weather in autumn and winter bellows zero degrees Celsius; so that it is cold and frozen, it rains and snows (sometimes producing avalanches) and there is strong wind. In spring and summer, the temperature goes up considerably, so that it can be scorching and hot. There is not much vegetation, some of them are bushes and trees, and there are animals, for example: birds such as: eagles, falcons, condors, vultures, etc; and mammals such as: goats, pumas, bears, etc. The places of the world which present this kind of area are: Rocky mountains and Alaska in North America, the Andes in South America; the Alps, Sierra Nevada, Ural Mountains in Europe (the last one together with Asia); the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, Gansu and Qinghai in Asia; and the Eastern Highlands in Africa.

Click here

Aconcagua, the Andes in South America

Goats

Eagle in North America

Swiss Alps in Europe

The Himalaya in Asia

Activities:

1) Click here to see the activity

2) Click here to see the activity (locate the areas seen in the class)